3D printing can be a finicky process, with many variables that can impact the quality of your prints. Here are some of the most common issues and step-by-step solutions to help you troubleshoot and improve your 3D printing results:

1. Stringing or Oozing

Stringing occurs when thin strings of plastic are left behind as the print head moves between areas. This can be caused by over-extrusion, incorrect retraction settings, or printing at too high of a temperature.

Solution:

  • Increase retraction distance and speed. Start with 1-2mm of retraction at 40-50mm/s and adjust as needed.
  • Lower printing temperature by 5-10°C.
  • Enable coasting and wipe on retraction in your slicer settings.

2. Warping or Lifting Corners

Warping happens when the bottom layers of the print lift up from the build plate, often starting at the corners. This is usually caused by parts cooling too quickly and shrinking.

Solution:

  • Ensure the build plate is level and clean.
  • Use a brim or raft in your slicer to increase surface area.
  • Increase the initial layer height and decrease speed.
  • Heat the build plate to 50-60°C for PLA or 90-110°C for ABS.

3. Gaps in Top Layers or Pillowing

Gaps or holes in the top solid infill layers are called pillowing. This is often caused by under-extrusion, incorrect infill overlap settings, or printing too fast.

Solution:

  • Increase infill percentage and check for under-extrusion.
  • Increase infill overlap with perimeters in slicer settings.
  • Reduce printing speed, especially for top layers.

4. Overhanging Features Sagging

Overhangs and bridges can sag or droop if they are not printed with supports or cooling is insufficient.

Solution:

  • Enable support structures in your slicer.
  • Increase part cooling fan speed.
  • Slow down print speed for overhangs and bridges.

5. Inconsistent Extrusion

Uneven extrusion can cause gaps, blobs, and other surface defects. This is often caused by a partial clog, worn extruder parts, or incorrect extrusion multiplier.

Solution:

  • Check for partial clogs and clean the nozzle.
  • Replace worn extruder parts like the drive gear.
  • Calibrate your extruder E-steps and flow rate.

By addressing these common issues using the troubleshooting steps above, you can significantly improve the quality and consistency of your 3D prints. Remember, every printer and filament is different, so some experimentation may be required to find the optimal settings for your setup.